WATDEV promotes climate-smart BMPs training in Tana River County, Kenya

As part of its efforts to strengthen climate-resilient agriculture in East Africa, the WATDEV project successfully conducted a two-day training on Best Management Practices (BMPs) & Innovations in wider areas on 26–27 March 2026 in Laza Village, Tana River County, Kenya. The training was organised through the collective efforts of the local partner Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), together with CIHEAM Bari, ASARECA and in close collaboration with National Irrigation Authority and the Tana River County government.

The training brought together farmers, local stakeholders, and technical experts to enhance knowledge on sustainable agricultural water management and promote the adoption of climate-smart practices tailored to local conditions.

Tana River County holds significant agricultural potential due to its fertile soils, water resources, and expansive arable land. However, recurring climate-related challenges, particularly droughts and floods, continue to disrupt agricultural productivity and threaten livelihoods. The BMPs training aimed to address these challenges by equipping participants with practical knowledge and solutions to improve soil health, optimize water use, and enhance overall farm resilience. The sessions also created a platform for dialogue between farmers and experts, ensuring that proposed practices are both relevant and applicable in the local context.

The first day of the training started with welcome remarks by Mr. Moses Odeke from ASARECA, who highlighted key climate change challenges affecting the region, including recurrent droughts and floods, soil degradation driven by flooding and water run-off, and declining water levels. He emphasized that these challenges raise critical questions on how to mitigate impacts, restore soil fertility, and use available resources more efficiently, noting that WATDEV promotes the BMPs as a pathway to address these issues.

The day focused on introducing the WATDEV project objectives and presenting the selected BMPs, including agroforestry, effective soil health management, improved crop varieties, optimized manuring techniques and efficient irrigation practices. Participants engaged in guided discussions on how these BMPs can be applied in the field and their impacts on key environmental components such as water, soil, crops, and the atmosphere.

The discussions were highly interactive, with strong engagement from local farmers, particularly those previously involved in WATDEV activities, contributing their experiences and insights. This exchange ensured that the proposed practices are adapted and grounded in local realities of farming systems in Tana River County.

On the second day, participants took part in a field visit to the Laza Minor Irrigation Scheme, where BMP innovations were demonstrated in practice. The field excursion provided a hands-on learning experience, allowing farmers to observe and discuss practical interventions directly with experts. These interactions encouraged meaningful dialogue and strengthened confidence in adopting improved agricultural practices.

Throughout the training, emphasis was placed on empowering farmers with actionable knowledge. Discussions highlighted key issues such as soil degradation, inefficient water use, and the importance of soil testing in determining appropriate fertilizer application.

Farmers also shared their experiences and challenges, including the impacts of flooding on soil fertility and the need for improved farm management techniques. This participatory approach ensured that the training addressed real needs while fostering ownership among local communities.

The training demonstrated the importance of combining scientific knowledge with local experience to tackle climate-related agricultural challenges.

Funded by the European Union, under the DeSIRA Initiative, WATDEV strengthens local capacity and promoting practical solutions, by supporting farmers in building more resilient and sustainable farming systems.

These efforts contribute to unlocking the agricultural potential of Tana River County while advancing the broader goal of climate-smart water management and sustainable development in East Africa.

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Ude Kebele groundwater irrigation scheme under the Adaa Becho Groundwater Irrigation system (ABGIS) in the Awash Basin

It is a new intervention area with perspectives to be expanded. It is therefore envisaged that the lessons from other countries could be scaled out in this area.

Ada’a-Becho Groundwater Irrigation (ABGIS) is located in Ada’a Wereda some 50 km from Addis Ababa. The Adama road passes nearby the scheme and has no access limitation.  This scheme is part of Ada’a-Bacho Irrigation Development Project that comprises three conjugate Kebeles (i.e., Dhankaka, Ude and Qallitty) in Ada’a District of East Shawa Zone, Oromia Regional State.

The Ude Kebele Groundwater Irrigation Site is small, scheme selected to demonstrate groundwater irrigation practice demonstration sites as it is new irrigation development area will be a learning site for a medium scale community owned groundwater irrigation development in Ethiopia.

ABGIS landscape is one of the low reliefs that slopes gently north-west and south east wards. Apart from close to the hills virtually all slopes are nearly less than 3- 4%, with the majority of the slopes of 0-2%. 

The climatic variables of the project area are highly governed by the topography of the area (mainly altitude). The highland area lies at an altitude of over 2300 m asl and covers 17.5% of the project area. Mean annual temperature of this part of the project area ranges from 12.50C to 160C.

The major crops produced include Teff, chick pea, wheat, barley, vetch, and maize.  Few farmers also produce tomato and onion as cash crops. Crop production in the area is by and large rain-dependent. But in few farmers produce vegetables twice a year using pumped water from Mojo and Waddecha rivers.

The problems in ABGIS are connected with the limited experience in fruit crop production.

Koga Irrigation System (KIS) in the Abbay Basin

KIS is an established and relatively well performing irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. In here besides Irrigation water management, there are also success stories in watershed management.

Koga is located some 40 km from Bahri Dar town (Regional capital of Amhara Regional State. The  Bahir Dar –Addis Ababa highway passes through the scheme (Fig 2), hence the scheme is year round accessible.

Koga irrigation system comprises of 19.7 km of lined main canal, 52 km of lined secondary canals, 156 km of unlined tertiary canals, 905 km of unlined quaternary canals and 11 lined Night Storage Reservoirs (NSRs). The main canal was designed to provide irrigation water for 24 h during irrigation period.

There are 12 secondary canals designed for 12 h irrigation supply each covering an area of irrigated land ranging from 220 ha to over 1000 ha. Tertiary canals are designed for 12 h irrigation supply. The area irrigated by a tertiary canal range between 20 ha to 65 ha. The quaternary canals have a capacity of irrigating 8–16 ha of land while field canals will serve an area of 2.0 ha within the quaternary unit. The maximum field canal design capacity is 30 l/s.

KIS is the best performing among many community-managed irrigation schemes. Unlike other schemes this was designed and developed as an integrated watershed and irrigation development project.

Among the problems associated to the KIS are Seasonal water shortage and associated conflicts between Irrigation water user associations, low irrigation water application efficiency, catchment degradation. In order to increase water productivity in the KIS, water saving technologies will be promoted.

The Gezira irrigation scheme

The Gezira Scheme is located between the Blue Nile and the White Nile Rivers within a semi-arid agro-climatic zone. In terms of accessibility, it is easily accessible by Wad Medani road and the trip between Wad Medani, the capital of the Gezira State and headquarter of the scheme (Barakat), and Khartoum takes about three hours. The scheme is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the region with 880,000 hectares (ha). It is one of the main sources of foreign currency (cotton export), and food security (wheat, sorghum, vegetables) for Sudan. It has huge infrastructure with a value estimated at about US $ 8 billion. The scheme had played a vital role in the history of irrigation in Sudan and Africa and has become a model for many irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of design and operation system. Therefore, any research aiming at improving water management in Gezira scheme is not only beneficial to the project, but also to similar projects at national and regional scale.  There are many challenges that the scheme face and urgent need to investigate Best Management Practices (BMPs) that  can overcome these challenges and enhance productivity. Some of these challenges are deterioration of irrigation infrastructure, inefficient water distribution within the scheme, agricultural drainage discharges directly in the Blue Nile without treatment impacting water quality, institutional weakness and instability.

Belbies district

Belbies district is located 20 km south of El Zagazig city between Long. 31o 24′ and 31o 39′ E and Lat. 30o 19′ and 30o 29′ N. It is bounded at the east by Abu Hammad, at the west by Minia El Kammh and in the south by the Tenth of Ramadan City districts.

As a part of the east Nile Delta, Belbies district constitutes a portion of an arid belt of north Egypt. It is characterized by a long dry summer and short temperate winter with a rainfall period from October to March. The climate is hot in summer; the average temperature is in the range of 19.7oC and 34.7oC, while during winter it ranges from 7.4oC and 18.4oC.

Due to intensive agricultural practice, which involves the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, many soils and shallow aquifers are contaminated. Consequently, pollution of groundwater has become a major concern in recent years. Wastewater disposed in canals can diffuse in groundwater. Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in Nile Delta e.g. Sharkia governorate. The development of groundwater resources, technology-oriented management skills, adequate and efficient groundwater monitoring system, empowerment of women in unprivileged areas are among the challenges to be addressed. Indeed, water management projects are one of the priority topics in the political agenda of Egypt.