Awareness Meeting and Dissemination Event Held at Belbeis??? Sekem Farm in Egypt

On July 30, 2023, the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) joined the Egyptian partner Heliopolis University in a workshop held within the framework of the WATDEV Programme to validate the Best Management Practices (BMPs) with the Egyptian stakeholders and farmers. The meeting was held in Sekem Farm in Belbeis, Desert Road, and was attended by nearly 50 participants.

The main objective of the Awareness Meeting in Egypt was to enhance the implementation of selected BMPs and innovations for the local study area. More particularly, Water Users??? Associations, Intercropping and Composting in Belbies district will be studied and analysed for implementation and upscaling during the WATDEV Project.

The opening session was led by Prof. Sherif Mohamady Elsayed, the Vice Dean for Society Services and Environmental Development in the Faculty of Engineering of Heliopolis University. He introduced the meeting by presenting the selected BMPs and innovations, outlining goals, means, and possible impacts.

In his remarks, ASARECA???s Acting Head of Programmes, Mr. Moses Odeke who is also the coordinator of the initiative at the regional level, mentioned that following the first round of awareness sessions in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Kenya in 2022, a multi-actor stakeholder meeting was held in the Kenyan capital, Nairobi, selecting a combination of BMPs for each intervention country piloted under the WATDEV Project. ???The second round of intervention meetings which have been carried out now in all intervention countries is therefore meant to validate the selected BMPs by reviewing their benefits, feasibility, practicability, and challenges in application as well as to further prioritise objectives for each BMPs.??? Mr. Odeke said, adding that ???this exercise will bring forward specific needs and technical solutions to adapt the selected BMPs to the local content.???

Mr. Claudio Bogliotti, the Scientific Lead of the Project for the International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM) Bari, thanked the local participants for their enthusiasm in analysing the BMPs, ASARECA for its coordination of local actors across the continent, as well as Heliopolis University for mobilising stakeholders. ???This is the fourth in a series of awareness events organised under the WATDEV Project through which we hope to learn, share, and take up comments from stakeholders on BMPs.??? Bogliotti noted.

Dr. Gaeteno Ladisa, the Administrative Lead for CIHEAM Bari, thanked the farmers and government stakeholders for their keenness. ???Egypt was the first place where stakeholder consultations were held in September 2022, which set off a research process where BMPs were selected.??? Ladisa mentioned, and concluded his talk saying that ???the meeting will define priorities and goals that farmers need to achieve in the implementation of the BMPs, which will in turn inform the tools to be provided to local authorities to refine the BMPs in Egypt.???

Furthermore, Prof. Wael Khairy (PhD), Head of Civil Engineering Department (Water Programme) at Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, spoke on behalf of the

Dean Faculty of Engineering affirming the commitment of the latter, in its four branches, Water Engineering – Energy Engineering – Mechatronics Engineering and Green Architecture Engineering, to serve the rural community within the university’s scope in Belbies in particular, by developing sustainable applied solutions that reduce competition for water and clean energy among farmers. ???These solutions are also useful in increasing the productivity of a cubic meter of water. Here comes the role of the individual in conserving water from loss, waste, and pollution because it is an existential source without which life cannot continue,??? he noted.

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Ude Kebele groundwater irrigation scheme under the Adaa Becho Groundwater Irrigation system (ABGIS) in the Awash Basin

It is a new intervention area with perspectives to be expanded. It is therefore envisaged that the lessons from other countries could be scaled out in this area.

Ada’a-Becho Groundwater Irrigation (ABGIS) is located in Ada’a Wereda some 50 km from Addis Ababa. The Adama road passes nearby the scheme and has no access limitation.  This scheme is part of Ada’a-Bacho Irrigation Development Project that comprises three conjugate Kebeles (i.e., Dhankaka, Ude and Qallitty) in Ada’a District of East Shawa Zone, Oromia Regional State.

The Ude Kebele Groundwater Irrigation Site is small, scheme selected to demonstrate groundwater irrigation practice demonstration sites as it is new irrigation development area will be a learning site for a medium scale community owned groundwater irrigation development in Ethiopia.

ABGIS landscape is one of the low reliefs that slopes gently north-west and south east wards. Apart from close to the hills virtually all slopes are nearly less than 3- 4%, with the majority of the slopes of 0-2%. 

The climatic variables of the project area are highly governed by the topography of the area (mainly altitude). The highland area lies at an altitude of over 2300 m asl and covers 17.5% of the project area. Mean annual temperature of this part of the project area ranges from 12.50C to 160C.

The major crops produced include Teff, chick pea, wheat, barley, vetch, and maize.  Few farmers also produce tomato and onion as cash crops. Crop production in the area is by and large rain-dependent. But in few farmers produce vegetables twice a year using pumped water from Mojo and Waddecha rivers.

The problems in ABGIS are connected with the limited experience in fruit crop production.

Koga Irrigation System (KIS) in the Abbay Basin

KIS is an established and relatively well performing irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. In here besides Irrigation water management, there are also success stories in watershed management.

Koga is located some 40 km from Bahri Dar town (Regional capital of Amhara Regional State. The  Bahir Dar –Addis Ababa highway passes through the scheme (Fig 2), hence the scheme is year round accessible.

Koga irrigation system comprises of 19.7 km of lined main canal, 52 km of lined secondary canals, 156 km of unlined tertiary canals, 905 km of unlined quaternary canals and 11 lined Night Storage Reservoirs (NSRs). The main canal was designed to provide irrigation water for 24 h during irrigation period.

There are 12 secondary canals designed for 12 h irrigation supply each covering an area of irrigated land ranging from 220 ha to over 1000 ha. Tertiary canals are designed for 12 h irrigation supply. The area irrigated by a tertiary canal range between 20 ha to 65 ha. The quaternary canals have a capacity of irrigating 8–16 ha of land while field canals will serve an area of 2.0 ha within the quaternary unit. The maximum field canal design capacity is 30 l/s.

KIS is the best performing among many community-managed irrigation schemes. Unlike other schemes this was designed and developed as an integrated watershed and irrigation development project.

Among the problems associated to the KIS are Seasonal water shortage and associated conflicts between Irrigation water user associations, low irrigation water application efficiency, catchment degradation. In order to increase water productivity in the KIS, water saving technologies will be promoted.

The Gezira irrigation scheme

The Gezira Scheme is located between the Blue Nile and the White Nile Rivers within a semi-arid agro-climatic zone. In terms of accessibility, it is easily accessible by Wad Medani road and the trip between Wad Medani, the capital of the Gezira State and headquarter of the scheme (Barakat), and Khartoum takes about three hours. The scheme is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the region with 880,000 hectares (ha). It is one of the main sources of foreign currency (cotton export), and food security (wheat, sorghum, vegetables) for Sudan. It has huge infrastructure with a value estimated at about US $ 8 billion. The scheme had played a vital role in the history of irrigation in Sudan and Africa and has become a model for many irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of design and operation system. Therefore, any research aiming at improving water management in Gezira scheme is not only beneficial to the project, but also to similar projects at national and regional scale.  There are many challenges that the scheme face and urgent need to investigate Best Management Practices (BMPs) that  can overcome these challenges and enhance productivity. Some of these challenges are deterioration of irrigation infrastructure, inefficient water distribution within the scheme, agricultural drainage discharges directly in the Blue Nile without treatment impacting water quality, institutional weakness and instability.

Belbies district

Belbies district is located 20 km south of El Zagazig city between Long. 31o 24′ and 31o 39′ E and Lat. 30o 19′ and 30o 29′ N. It is bounded at the east by Abu Hammad, at the west by Minia El Kammh and in the south by the Tenth of Ramadan City districts.

As a part of the east Nile Delta, Belbies district constitutes a portion of an arid belt of north Egypt. It is characterized by a long dry summer and short temperate winter with a rainfall period from October to March. The climate is hot in summer; the average temperature is in the range of 19.7oC and 34.7oC, while during winter it ranges from 7.4oC and 18.4oC.

Due to intensive agricultural practice, which involves the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, many soils and shallow aquifers are contaminated. Consequently, pollution of groundwater has become a major concern in recent years. Wastewater disposed in canals can diffuse in groundwater. Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in Nile Delta e.g. Sharkia governorate. The development of groundwater resources, technology-oriented management skills, adequate and efficient groundwater monitoring system, empowerment of women in unprivileged areas are among the challenges to be addressed. Indeed, water management projects are one of the priority topics in the political agenda of Egypt.